Menilai semula kedaulatan data Malaysia: Kritikan struktural terhadap Akta Perkongsian Data 2025
Reassessing Malaysia’s data sovereignty: A structural critique of the Data Sharing Act 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47548/ijistra.2025.98Keywords:
Kedaulatan Data, Akta Perkongsian Data 2025, Kuasa Nasional Digital, Struktur Tadbir Urus Data, Maqasid Syariah dalam Dasar DigitalAbstract
Transformasi digital global telah meletakkan data sebagai teras
kepada kedaulatan maklumat, kebolehmandirian dasar, dan keutuhan
kuasa negara. Dalam konteks ini, Akta Perkongsian Data 2025 (Akta
864) wajar dinilai semula, bukan semata-mata sebagai instrumen
pentadbiran data, tetapi sebagai cerminan kesediaan negara
mempertahankan kepentingan strategiknya dalam ruang digital. Kajian
ini meneliti beberapa kelompongan struktural dalam akta tersebut,
termasuk ketiadaan klasifikasi formal terhadap data strategik,
ketiadaan prinsip keizinan termaklum yang mantap, serta jurang
mekanisme semak dan imbang dalam pelaksanaan kuasa eksekutif.
Dengan majoriti penyimpanan data negara masih bergantung kepada
infrastruktur asing dan ekosistem digital yang dikawal oleh pihak luar
dan berada di luar bidang kuasa nasional, wujud keperluan mendesak
untuk memperkukuh prinsip kedaulatan data sebagai asas
pembentukan dasar digital negara. Berlandaskan nilai maqasid
syariah, amanah institusi, dan prinsip daulat moden, analisis ini
mencadangkan pendekatan reformasi yang lebih seimbang antara
keperluan keterbukaan dan tuntutan keselamatan maklumat.
Pendekatan ini bertujuan membina ekosistem data nasional yang lebih
berdaya tahan, berdaulat, dan sejajar dengan aspirasi Malaysia
sebagai pemain strategik dalam ekonomi digital serantau.
The global digital transformation has placed data at the core
of information sovereignty, policy sustainability, and the
integrity of national power. In this context, the Data Sharing
Act 2025 (Act 864) deserves to be re-evaluated, not merely
as a data governance instrument, but as a reflection of the
country’s readiness to defend its strategic interests in the
digital space. This study examines several structural gaps
in the Act, including the absence of a formal classification of
strategic data, the absence of a robust principle of informed
consent, and the lack of checks and balances in the exercise
of executive power. With the majority of the country’s data
storage still dependent on foreign infrastructure and
externally controlled digital ecosystems beyond national
jurisdiction, there is an urgent need to strengthen the
principle of data sovereignty as the foundation for national
digital policy. Grounded in the values of maqasid syariah,
institutional trust, and modern sovereign principles, this
analysis proposes a more balanced reform approach
between the need for openness and the demands of
information security. This approach aims to build a more
resilient, sovereign national data ecosystem, aligned with
the country’s aspirations as a strategic player in the regional
digital economy.
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