Perbandingan Falsafah Politik Barat dan Islam

The Comparison of Western and Islamic Political Philosophy

Abstract

Politik memainkan peranan penting sebagai sebuah sistem kepimpinan untuk mentadbir kehidupan manusia.  Akar falsafah politik Islam dan perbezaannya dengan falsafah politik Barat perlu dicungkil dan dibincangkan semula kerana sejak zaman penjajahan sehingga kini, umat Islam termasuk sebahagian besar para pemimpin dan cendekiawan tidak dapat menerima cara fikir, sistem dan institusi politik Barat. Jika situasi ini berterusan tanpa pembaharuan pemikiran, politik umat Islam dan negara Islam akan terus terumbang-ambing dan hanya memberi khidmat kepada Barat. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi pandangan yang lebih mendalam dan menerangkan perbezaan antara falsafah politik Barat dan Islam melalui analisis terperinci terhadap perbandingan dalam tujuan politik, hubungan antara politik dan agama, serta sumber kuasa dalam falsafah politik Islam dan Barat. Ini penting bagi merangka halatuju politik umat Islam dan menjadi medium kepada kesatuan ummah bagi mencapai matlamat sebenar politik Islam iaitu Khilafah ala Manhaj Nubuwwah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menjadikan al Quran, hadis dan pandangan daripada pelbagai sarjana dan pemikir Islam sebagai rujukan. Kajian mendapati perbezaan dan konflik antara pemikiran politik Barat dan Islam sebenarnya berpunca daripada perbezaan latar belakang falsafah, metodologi dan teori politik, bukan sekadar perbezaan dari sudut institusi dan sejarah. Sistem dan institusi politik masa kini lahir dari dominasi falsafah Barat yang bertentangan dengan falsafah Islam di mana tiada nilai kebenaran yang dipertahankan kerana ia bersifat relatif sebaliknya Islam memperjuangkan kebenaran tetap (al-haq) kerana itulah sumber kesejahteraan manusia. Pembaharuan atau perubahan pada sistem dan institusi politik masa kini tidak mencukupi kerana umat Islam perlu bebas dari kerangka falsafah Barat.

Politics plays an important role as a leadership system to govern human life. The roots of Islamic political philosophy and its differences with Western political philosophy need to be unearthed and discussed again because since the colonial era until now, Muslims including most of the leaders and scholars have not been able to accept the Western way of thinking, system and political institutions. If this situation continues without a renewal of thinking, the politics of Muslims and Islamic countries will continue to waver and only serve the western agenda. Therefore, this study aims to provide a deeper insight and explain the differences between Western and Islamic political philosophy through a detailed analysis of comparisons in political goals, the relationship between politics and religion, as well as sources of power in Islamic and Western political philosophy. This is important to formulate the political direction of Muslims and to be a medium for the unity of the ummah to achieve the true goal of Islamic politics which is Khilafah ala Manhaj Nubuwwah. This study applies the qualitative research method by referring to the Quran, hadiths and views from various Islamic scholars and thinkers. The study found that the differences and conflicts between Western and Islamic political thought actually stem from differences in philosophical, methodological and political theory background, not just differences from an institutional and historical point of view. Today’s political system and institutions were produced from the dominance of Western philosophy where no value of truth is defended because it is relative whereas Islam fights for the permanent truth (al-haq) because that is the source of human well-being. Reforms or changes to the current political system and institutions are not enough because Muslims need to be free from the Western philosophical framework.