Peranan Pendidikan dalam Meledakkan Potensi Insan: Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Insaniah dalam Konteks Islam dan Humanisme Barat
The Role of Education in Unlocking Human Potential: A Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Insaniah in Islam and Western Humanism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47548/ijistra.2026.126Keywords:
Pendidikan, Potensi insan, Insaniah, Humanisme, PeradabanAbstract
Pendidikan memainkan peranan penting sebagai wadah utama dalam membangun, membentuk dan meledakkan potensi sebenar insan merentasi pelbagai peradaban manusia. Namun, kajian lepas lazimnya membincangkan falsafah pendidikan dari perspektif Islam dan kritikan terhadap humanisme Barat secara berasingan, manakala perbandingan merentasi peradaban yang dikaitkan secara langsung dengan pembangunan potensi insan masih terhad. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis peranan pendidikan dalam membangunkan potensi insan melalui perbandingan falsafah dan matlamat pendidikan dalam peradaban agung dunia, iaitu peradaban Cina yang berteraskan Konfusianisme, India Kuno melalui Sistem Vedik, Yunani menerusi konsep Paideia, serta peradaban Islam yang berpaksikan wahyu. Pendekatan kualitatif telah digunakan melalui kaedah kajian kepustakaan, analisis dokumen, diskusi ilmiah dan penyertaan dalam wacana berkaitan falsafah pendidikan. Data diperoleh daripada al-Quran, buku ilmiah, artikel jurnal, penulisan akademik serta maklumat yang relevan daripada perbincangan ilmiah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan perbandingan bagi mengenal pasti persamaan dan perbezaan falsafah pendidikan dari aspek hakikat manusia, sumber ilmu dan matlamat pembangunan potensi insan. Kajian ini turut menganalisis pertembungan antara konsep Insaniah dalam Islam dengan humanisme Barat serta implikasinya terhadap epistemologi pendidikan, khususnya berkaitan isu dikotomi ilmu dan sekularisme. Dalam konteks pendidikan kontemporari, kajian ini turut meneliti cabaran orientasi pendidikan yang dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai komersial dan materialistik. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, kajian ini mencadangkan falsafah pendidikan insaniah yang mengintegrasikan pembangunan potensi diri secara seimbang, menyeluruh dan bersepadu bagi melahirkan ‘insan budiman’ yang menguasai pelbagai malakah (potensi). Kerangka ini mengetengahkan pentingnya penyepaduan ilmu, akhlak dan amal bagi mencapai kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan akhirat serta melaksanakan amanah sebagai hamba dan khalifah Allah SWT di muka bumi.
Education is the principal means of developing, shaping, and unleashing the true potential of human beings across civilizations. Previous studies, however, have generally treated Islamic philosophy of education and the critique of Western humanism separately, while cross-civilizational comparisons linked directly to human potential remain limited. This study therefore examines the role of education in developing human potential by comparing the philosophies and aims of education in major world civilizations: Confucian China, Vedic Ancient India, Greece through the concept of Paideia, and Islamic civilization anchored in revelation. A qualitative approach was adopted, combining library research (reviewing the prior literature), document analysis, scholarly discussions, and participation in discourse on the philosophy of education. Data drawn from the Qur’an, scholarly books, journal articles, and academic discussions were analyzed descriptively and comparatively in terms of human nature, sources of knowledge, and the aims of developing human potential. The study also analyzes the encounter between the Islamic concept of Insaniah and Western humanism and its implications for educational epistemology, particularly the dichotomy of knowledge and secularism. It further examines the challenge of contemporary education driven by commercial and materialistic values. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a philosophy of pendidikan insaniah that integrates balanced, holistic, and unified self-development to nurture the insan budiman, a person who masters multiple malakah (potentials). This research underscores the integration of knowledge, character, and practice to attain happiness in this world and the hereafter and to fulfill the trust of being a servant and vicegerent of Allah SWT on earth.
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